


Energy savings are avoided consumption, not a directly metered commodity. A credible M&V plan defines the boundary, baseline, variables, adjustments, test method, reporting period and uncertainty before commissioning.
A controlled ON/OFF test can be powerful when operating conditions are stable and the change can be isolated. A whole-facility interval model may be better where weather, production, occupancy or trading conditions vary. An engineering calculation may support screening or component-level analysis. The selected method should be proportionate to the claim and risk.
Where appropriate, the project can use the current International Performance Measurement and Verification Protocol as a recognised framework. The chosen option does not make a weak baseline strong; the plan and data still need to suit the facility and decision.
Demand, cost, emissions, asset and operational outcomes should be reported as separate quantities with their own boundaries and evidence. Climate, ESG or NABERS-related use should follow the organisation's applicable rules and assurance process.

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